Darwinbots 3

Darwinbots 3 is a long term project to recode Darwinbots in C# as a brand new program. Every feature and aspect is going to be examined and refined as its added, in a framework that will ensure robustness and agility in handling bugs and new features. The code can be browsed: https://svn2.hosted-projects.com/Numsgil/Darwinbots3/

Compiling the code

Getting the compiler

You'll need a version of Microsoft Studio 2008 C# (this all might run under Mono in Linux, but I don't have either so no promises). You can download C# express here for free. Follow every instruction on the page. This will probably take several hours to do. The good news is that even if you never start programming Darwinbots, you just found a free high quality compiler :D

Downloading the dependencies

You don't have to download any 3rd party libraries to compile Darwinbots, they're included in the repository under the 3rdParty folder, and the projects should know how to find them. The exception to this is .NET, which you should have anyway if you installed Visual Studio. To distribute Darwinbots to others (which is probably going to be solely my (Numsgil's) job), you need:

• ILMerge - Allows multiple .NET assemblies (.DLLs) to be packaged into a single assembly.

Get either Subversion or a Subversion client

For those unfamiliar with version control, it's basically a way to ensure that multiple people can work on the same source code. You "check out" a copy of the current source code from the repository and store it locally on your computer. You then change the source code in places and "commit" it back to the repository. If there have been changes in the mean time that conflict with your changes (should be a pretty rare occurrence), SVN will notify you and ask you to resolve the problem before the commit is applied to the central code repository. Another advantage of working this way is that the entire evolution of the code is tracked. If some bug is found that was introduced months ago, you can browse through the repository at different versions of the program to find what changes caused it.

You can either try one of the Subversion commandline builds if you're into that sort of thing, or try one of the GUI based Subversion clients. Numsgil uses SmartSVN, which he highly recommends.

Accessing the repository and committing

https://svn2.hosted-projects.com/Numsgil/Darwinbots3/ This is the link for the repository. It has anonymous access, so anyone can download and browse it. To commit changes, you need a username and password. Post a request for one here. If you haven't registered in the forum yet, please do so. It's important that progress is talked about so others can see what's going on.

How you should set up your SVN projects and local directories

I recommend setting up two SVN projects. One for the 3rd party libraries, and one for the current branch your working on (or trunk or a specific tag or what have you). This is the directory structure you should probably use, since it's what the regular installer will use/is using and how the build scripts are set up so they'll dump files in the right places:

• \Darwinbots3
  • \Source
    • \3rdParty <-- sync this to the 3rd party directory in the repository
    • \Local (actual name doesn't matter) <-- sync this to the trunk directory in the repository, or one of the tags or branches if you're working from them

It doesn't matter where you put the Darwinbots3 folder, all paths are relative anyway. An "install" will be forthcoming shortly (Sometime during October 2008. If I forget remind me - Numsgil).

Visual Studio solution files

Instead of one large master solution file to build the entire project, each module maintains its own solution file for just that solution. Usually it will contain the module itself, some unit tests, and a test app. This is to make checking unit tests for errors simpler, among other purposes. To build the entire project, you'll need to run one of the build scripts in the Scripts directory (note: as of this writing such scripts do not exist. - Sept 08)

Junk directories and bin folders

The projects are set up to place bulky build files in the Junk directory. This directory should always be empty on the repository, except for the "About This Folder.txt" file. Final EXEs are built to the Bin folder, which also should be empty on the repository, except for its own "About This Folder.txt" file. Under the scripts directory, there are scripts for publishing from the Bin directory to the top level Darwinbots3 directory (essentially publishing locally) and scripts to clean the junk folders (delete files and such).

This setup is subject to change based on usability issues.

Coding standards

One of the nice things about C# is that it intelligently keeps everyone using the same coding style, so I won't belabor this point. I will, however, talk about some important ideas not everyone may be aware of.

Etiquette

• Prefer to post lots of small, atomic changes over large, far-reaching changes. It's easier to integrate for other people, and minimizes the possibility of commit conflicts.

• Keep the repository's code running. Don't commit a change that would break the program, or worse, prevent it from compiling. If you do anyway, fix the problem immediately.

Unit testing

Unit testing is a way to ensure that a function or section of code works like you think it should. It is immeasurably important for keeping the code robust and bug free. It also makes refactoring much easier. this site is an excellent introduction to Unit Testing for games.

Ideally, you would write the tests first and then "fix" the program to pass those tests. This requires some disciple that I personally don't always have, so I'm not going to strongly enforce this. Aim for this standard anyway. Definitely unit test as many aspects of the code you're working on as possible, even if it's after the fact.

Design patterns

I'm not too concerned about strictly following design patterns, but you should at the least be aware of them. This article shows the more common design patterns and examples for them. Personally I've found various factory patterns useful for things like the DNA language parsing and unparsing.

Release pattern

When a new release is ready, it's given a version number. The format is:

• Darwinbots3 AXXXXX.exe - An alpha release. The XXXXX is the source control revision corresponding to the executable
• Darwinbots3 BXXXXX.exe - A beta release. The XXXXX is the source control revision corresponding to the executable
• Darwinbots3.0.exe - The first feature complete and stable release.
• Darwinbots3.XXX RC1 - A release candidate. The number after RC is the release candidate version. The XXX is the version number (starts at 001, goes to 999).
• Darwinbots3.XXX - The stable release for version XXX.

Note that these files alphabetically sort according to when they are expected to release. This is important.

Architecture

I'm designing the program around the idea of "data-centered". You can read a paper about it here (just browse through it, it's pretty big. Focus on the part near the beginning where he explores different architecture models).

Basically, each module interacts only indirectly with other modules through a central data repository. Instead of a something like monster[456].Draw(), you'd have Draw(Monster[456]). The benefit of a design like this is that it allows you to swap different modules (change your graphics from OpenGL to Ogre, for instance) easily, lowers the allowed interdependency between modules, and lets the modules themselves be reused in different projects.

In general, all the game data, such a bots, shots, ties, etc., go into a central repository. A method goes into class of a data object only if it's strictly involved with manipulating the data and not doing something to it. For instance, a function that takes an amount a bot is supposed to be charged in nrg and gives it waste too should go with the bot's class. A function that handles collisions between bots and shots should probably go in a module. It's not strictly black and white, but generally ask yourself if adding a function ties the data directly together with a module. If we wanted to swap out one of the modules, would we find it difficult to disentangle the data repository from it? If so, it belongs in a module (in the case of the bot shot collision, it would probably belong in the game logic module).

The following is a rough draft of the different modules I'm planning:

• DNAModule AKA Sunweaver - A fairly self contained module that handles most of its own functions, parsing, etc. Very little interfacing is needed with it beyond a few "black box" controls.
• Graphics Module - Consists strictly of calls to OpenGL, assuming I use OpenGL.
• GUI Module - Contains the dialog boxes and windows the user will probably use and see, all written with Forms.
• Game Logic Module - Handles the core simulation, minus physics and DNA.
• Physics Module AKA Lodestone Physics Engine - The physics engine for Darwinbots, coded for a great deal of feedback as far as collision forces, etc.
• Networking - Handles interfacing with the internet. Users could download bots from an online database right from the program, for instance. Also internet sharing, program updates, etc.
• Disk IO - Handles serializing the data. Data will probably be saved as zipped XML files, to allow for outside manipulation through scripting languages.
• MainExe - Basically nothing more than calls to the different modules to initialize them and start the game loop, calling each module in the proper order.
• Central Data Repository - Stores references to bots, shots, ties, DNA, etc. Very little algorithmic work going on.

These modules ideally would end up as seperate DLLs to help enforce modularity, but this might cause cyclic dependancies, so I'm not holding my breath.

Design

Visit the wish list to see the major features under consideration from the point of view of the end result. Discuss them in the forum.